The process of reading: three levels of description (Adapted from Lunzer et al. (1979))

Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Decoding print	Identifying letters, words, phrases	Scanning, fixating, anticipating, categorizing, testing, matching, verifying
Making sense	Assigning meaning to phrases and sentences	Anticipating syntactic and semantic categories, matching, verifying
Questioning	Noting discrepancies between different statements or between what is read and what is known	Retrieving material from long-term memory, comparing, inferring